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United States • Title 21 CFR • Part 139

Part 139PART 139—MACARONI AND NOODLE PRODUCTS

Part 139 of Title 21 CFR establishes definitions and standards of identity for macaroni and noodle products, including enriched and fortified varieties. It specifies ingredients, proportions, and labeling requirements to ensure product quality and consumer information.

What this part covers

  • Defines macaroni products, including macaroni, spaghetti, and vermicelli, based on ingredients and dimensions.
  • Establishes standards for enriched macaroni products, specifying required vitamin and mineral content.
  • Outlines requirements for enriched macaroni products with fortified protein, including protein content and quality standards.
  • Details standards for milk macaroni products and nonfat milk macaroni products, specifying milk solid content and ingredient restrictions.
  • Covers labeling requirements for all defined macaroni and noodle products, including statements for added ingredients and product names.

Sections in Part 139

§ 139.110

Macaroni products.

(a) Macaroni products are the class of food each of which is prepared by drying formed units of dough made from semolina, durum flour, farina, flour, or any combination of two or more of these, with water and with or without one or more of the optional ingredients specified in paragraphs (a) (1) to (6), inclusive, of this section. (1) Egg white, frozen egg white, dried egg white, or any two or all of these, in such quantity that the solids thereof are not less than 0.5 percent and not more than 2.0 percent of the weight of the finished food. (2) Disodium phosphate, in a quantity not less than 0.5 percent and not more than 1.0 percent of the weight of the finished food. (3) Onions, celery, garlic, bay leaf, or any two or more of these, in a quantity which seasons the food. (4) Salt, in a quantity which seasons the food. http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.(5) Gum gluten, in such quantity that the protein content of the finished food is not more than 13 percent by weight. The finished macaroni product contains not less than 87 percent of total solids as determined by the method prescribed in “Official Methods of Analysis of…

§ 139.115

Enriched macaroni products.

Description.(a) Enriched macaroni products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f), and (g), except that: (1) Each such food contains in each pound not less than 4.0 milligrams (mg) and not more than 5.0 mg of thiamin, not less than 1.7 mg and not more than 2.2 mg of riboflavin, not less than 27 mg and not more than 34 mg of niacin or niacinamide, not less than 0.9 mg and not more than 1.2 mg of folic acid, and not less than 13 mg and not more than 16.5 mg of iron (Fe); (2) Each such food may also contain as an optional ingredient added vitamin D in such quantity that each pound of the finished food contains not less than 250 U.S.P. units and not more than 1000 U.S.P. units of vitamin D. (3) Each such food may also contain as an optional ingredient added calcium in such quantity that each pound of the finished food contains not less than 500 mg. and not more than 625 mg. of calcium (Ca); (4) Each such food may also contain as an optional ingredient partly defatted wheat germ but the amount thereof does not…

§ 139.117

Enriched macaroni products with fortified protein.

(a)(1) Each of the foods for which a standard of identity is prescribed by this section is produced by drying formed units of dough made with one or more of the milled wheat ingredients designated in §§ 139.110(a) and 139.138(a), and other ingredients to enable the finished food to meet the protein requirements set out in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section. Edible protein sources, including food grade flours or meals made from nonwheat cereals or from oilseeds, may be used. Vitamin and mineral enrichment nutrients are added to bring the food into conformity with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section. Safe and suitable ingredients, as provided for in paragraph (c) of this section, may be added. The proportion of the milled wheat ingredient is larger than the proportion of any other ingredient used. http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.(2) Each such finished food, when tested by the methods described in the cited sections of “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,” 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by reference (copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North…

§ 139.120

Milk macaroni products.

(a) Milk macaroni products are the class of food, each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f)(2), (f)(3), and (g), except that: (1) Milk is used as the sole moistening ingredient in preparing the dough; or in lieu of milk one or more of the milk ingredients specified in paragraph (f) of this section is used, with or without water, in such quantity that the weight of milk solids therein is not less than 3.8 percent of the weight of the finished milk macaroni product; and (2) None of the optional ingredients permitted by § 139.110(a) (1) and (2) is used. When the optional ingredient gum gluten (§ 139.110(a)(5)) is added, the quantity is such that the protein derived therefrom, together with the protein derived from semolina, durum flour, farina, flour, or any combination of these used, does not exceed 13 percent of the weight of the finished food. (b) Milk macaroni is the milk macaroni product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for macaroni by § 139.110(b). (c) Milk spaghetti is the milk…

§ 139.121

Nonfat milk macaroni products.

(a) Each of the macaroni products made with nonfat milk for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f)(2), (f)(3), (f)(4), and (g), except that: (1)(i) In preparing the dough, nonfat dry milk or concentrated skim milk, or a mixture of these, is used in an amount such that the finished macaroni product made with nonfat milk contains by weight not less than 12 percent and not more than 25 percent of milk solids-not-fat. Carrageenan or salts of carrageenan conforming to the requirements of §§ 172.620 and 172.626 of this chapter may be used in a quantity not in excess of 0.833 percent by weight of the milk solids-not-fat used. (ii) When the ingredient carrageenan or the salts of carrageenan specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section is used, the label shall bear the statement, “Carrageenan added” or “Salts of carrageenan added” or the statement “With added carrageenan” or “With added salts of carrageenan”, in the manner further prescribed by § 139.110(f)(4). (2) None of…

§ 139.122

Enriched nonfat milk macaroni products.

(a) Each of the enriched macaroni products made with nonfat milk for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f)(2), (f)(3), (f)(4), and (g), except that: (1)(i) In preparing the dough, nonfat dry milk or concentrated skim milk, or a mixture of these, is used in an amount such that the finished enriched macaroni product made with nonfat milk contains by weight not less than 12 percent and not more than 25 percent of milk solids-not-fat. Carrageenan or the salts of carrageenan conforming to the requirements of § 172.620 and § 172.626 of this chapter may be used in a quantity not in excess of 0.833 percent by weight of the milk solids-not-fat used. (ii) When the ingredient carrageenan or the salts of carrageenan specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section is used, the label shall bear the statement, “Carrageenan added” or “Salts of carrageenan added” or the statement “With added carrageenan” or “With added salts of carrageenan”, in the manner further prescribed by §…

§ 139.125

Vegetable macaroni products.

(a) Vegetable macaroni products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f)(2), (f)(3), and (g), except that: (1) Tomato (of any red variety), artichoke, beet, carrot, parsley, or spinach is added in such quantity that the solids thereof are not less than 3 percent by weight of the finished vegetable macaroni product (the vegetable used may be fresh, canned, dried, or in the form of puree or paste); and (2) None of the optional ingredients permitted by § 139.110(a) (1) and (2) is used. When the optional ingredient gum gluten (§ 139.110(a)(5)) is added, the quantity is such that the protein derived therefrom, together with the protein derived from the semolina, durum flour, farina, flour or any combination of these used, does not exceed 13 percent of the weight of the finished food. (b) Vegetable macaroni is the vegetable macaroni product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for macaroni by § 139.110(b). (c) Vegetable spaghetti is the vegetable macaroni product the units…

§ 139.135

Enriched vegetable macaroni products.

(a) Each of the macaroni products for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f), and (g), and in addition is enriched to meet the requirements prescribed for enriched macaroni products by § 139.115 and contains a vegetable ingredient in compliance with the requirements prescribed for vegetable macaroni products by § 139.125. (b) The name of each food for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section is “Enriched ______ macaroni product”, or, alternatively, the name is “Enriched ______ macaroni”, “Enriched ______ spaghetti”, or “Enriched ______ vermicelli”, when the units comply with the shape and size requirements prescribed for macaroni, spaghetti, or vermicelli in § 139.110 (b), (c), or (d). The blank in each instance is filled in with the name of the vegetable used, as specified in § 139.125(a). For example, the name of an enriched macaroni product containing the prescribed amount of spinach and made in units not conforming in shape and size to…

§ 139.138

Whole wheat macaroni products.

(a) Whole wheat macaroni products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f)(2), (f)(3), and (g), except that: (1) Whole wheat flour or whole durum wheat flour or both are used as the sole wheat ingredient; and (2) None of the optional ingredients permitted by § 139.110(a) (1), (2), and (5) is used. (b) Whole wheat macaroni is the whole wheat macaroni product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for macaroni by § 139.110(b). (c) Whole wheat spaghetti is the whole wheat macaroni product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for spaghetti by § 139.110(c). (d) Whole wheat vermicelli is the whole wheat macaroni product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for vermicelli by § 139.110(d). (e) The name of each food for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section is “Whole wheat macaroni product”; or alternatively, the name is “Whole wheat macaroni”, “Whole wheat…

§ 139.140

Wheat and soy macaroni products.

(a) Wheat and soy macaroni products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for macaroni products by § 139.110(a), (f)(2), (f)(3), and (g), except that: (1) Soy flour is added in a quantity not less than 12.5 percent of the combined weight of the wheat and soy ingredients used (the soy flour used is made from heat-processed, dehulled soybeans, with or without the removal of fat therefrom); and (2) None of the optional ingredients permitted by § 139.110(a) (1) and (2) is used. When the optional ingredient gum gluten (§ 139.110(a)(5)) is added, the quantity is such that the protein derived therefrom, together with the protein derived from semolina, durum flour, farina, flour or any combination of these used, does not exceed 13 percent of the weight of the finished food. (b) Wheat and soy macaroni is the wheat and soy macaroni product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for macaroni by § 139.110(b). (c) Wheat and soy spaghetti is the wheat and soy macaroni product the units of which conform to the…

§ 139.150

Noodle products.

(a) Noodle products are the class of food each of which is prepared by drying formed units of dough made from semolina, durum flour, farina, flour, or any combination of two or more of these, with liquid eggs, frozen eggs, dried eggs, egg yolks, frozen yolks, dried yolks, or any combination of two or more of these, with or without water and with or without one or more of the optional ingredients specified in paragraphs (a) (1) to (4) of this section inclusive: (1) Onions, celery, garlic, bay leaf, or any two or more of these, in a quantity which seasons the food. (2) Salt, in a quantity which seasons the food. (3) Gum gluten, in such quantity that the protein derived therefrom, together with the protein derived from semolina, durum flour, farina, flour or any combination of these used, does not exceed 13 percent of the weight of the finished food. (4) Concentrated glyceryl monostearate (containing not less than 90 percent monoester) in a quantity not exceeding 3 percent by weight of the finished food. http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.The finished noodle product contains not less than 87 percent of total solids as…

§ 139.155

Enriched noodle products.

(a) Enriched noodle products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for noodle products by § 139.150 (a), (g), and (i), except that: (1) Each such food contains in each pound not less than 4 milligrams (mg) and not more than 5 mg of thiamin, not less than 1.7 mg and not more than 2.2 mg of riboflavin, not less than 27 mg and not more than 34 mg of niacin or niacinamide, not less than 0.9 mg and not more than 1.2 mg of folic acid, and not less than 13 mg and not more than 16.5 mg of iron (Fe); (2) Each such food may also contain as an optional ingredient added vitamin D in such quantity that each pound of the finished food contains not less than 250 U.S.P. units and not more than 1000 U.S.P. units of vitamin D; (3) Each such food may also contain as an optional ingredient added calcium in such quantity that each pound of the finished food contains not less than 500 mg. and not more than 625 mg. of calcium (Ca); (4) Each such food may also contain as an optional ingredient partly defatted wheat germ, but the amount thereof does not exceed 5 percent…

§ 139.160

Vegetable noodle products.

(a) Vegetable noodle products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity, and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients, prescribed for noodle products by § 139.150(a), (g), and (i), except that tomato (of any red variety), artichoke, beet, carrot, parsley, or spinach is added in such quantity that the solids thereof are not less than 3 percent by weight of the finished vegetable noodle product (the vegetable used may be fresh, canned, dried, or in the form of puree or paste). (b) Vegetable noodles, vegetable egg noodles, is the vegetable noodle product the units of which are ribbon-shaped. (c) Vegetable egg macaroni is the vegetable noodle product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for egg macaroni by § 139.150(c). (d) Vegetable egg spaghetti is the vegetable noodle product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for egg spaghetti by § 139.150(d). (e) Vegetable egg vermicelli is the vegetable noodle product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for egg vermicelli by § 139.150(e). (f) The…

§ 139.165

Enriched vegetable noodle products.

(a) Each of the noodle products for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label declaration of ingredients prescribed for noodle products by § 139.150 (a), (g), (h), and (i), and in addition is enriched to meet the requirements prescribed for enriched noodle products by § 139.155 and, except as hereinafter provided, contains a vegetable ingredient in compliance with the requirements prescribed for vegetable noodle products by § 139.160. Because they are apt to impart an egg-yolk color, carrots are not used in enriched vegetable noodle products. (b) The name of each food for which a definition and standard of identity is prescribed by this section is “Enriched ______ noodle product”, “Enriched ______ egg noodle product”, or, alternatively, the name is “Enriched ______ noodles”, or “Enriched ______ egg noodles”, “Enriched ______ egg macaroni”, “Enriched ______ egg spaghetti”, or “Enriched ______ egg vermicelli”, when the units comply with the size and shape requirements for noodles, macaroni, spaghetti, or vermicelli in § 139.150 (b), (c), (d), or (e). The…

§ 139.180

Wheat and soy noodle products.

(a) Wheat and soy noodle products are the class of food each of which conforms to the definition and standard of identity and is subject to the requirements for label statement of ingredients prescribed for noodle products by § 139.150(a), (g), and (i), except that soy flour is added in a quantity not less than 12.5 percent of the combined weight of the wheat and soy ingredients used (the soy flour used is made from heat-processed, dehulled soybeans, with or without the removal of fat therefrom). (b) Wheat and soy noodles, wheat and soy egg noodles, is the wheat and soy noodle product the units of which are ribbon-shaped. (c) Wheat and soy egg macaroni is the wheat and soy noodle product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for egg macaroni by § 139.150(c). (d) Wheat and soy egg spaghetti is the wheat and soy noodle product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for egg spaghetti by § 139.150(d). (e) Wheat and soy egg vermicelli is the wheat and soy noodle product the units of which conform to the specifications of shape and size prescribed for egg vermicelli by § 139.150(e). (f) The name of each…

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